Outdoor cats, whether stray or feral, often have different nutritional needs compared to indoor cats. If you’ve ever wondered what to feed outdoor cats, this guide is here to help you ensure they stay healthy, energized, and well-cared for.
From the best types of food to the feeding schedule and important considerations, let’s explore everything you need to know about feeding outdoor cats.
Why Feeding Outdoor Cats Is Important
Outdoor cats, especially feral ones, don’t always have access to reliable sources of food. Their natural hunting may not provide enough nutrition, especially in colder months when food is scarce. By feeding outdoor cats, you’re helping them:
- Stay Healthy: Proper nutrition boosts their immune system, helping them fight off illnesses.
- Maintain Energy Levels: Outdoor cats need more energy than indoor cats due to the physical demands of living outside.
- Avoid Hunger-Related Risks: Hungry cats might resort to unsafe or dangerous environments in search of food.
What to Feed Outdoor Cats
So, what should you feed outdoor cats? Their diet should meet their nutritional needs while being easy for you to manage. Let’s explore some options.
Dry Cat Food (Kibble)
Dry cat food is one of the most convenient options for feeding outdoor cats. It’s affordable, easy to store, and can be left out for longer periods without spoiling. Some benefits include:
- Long-Lasting: Dry food doesn’t spoil quickly, making it ideal for feeding outdoor cats, especially in unpredictable weather.
- Nutrient-Dense: Many dry cat foods are formulated to provide a balanced diet with proteins, fats, and essential vitamins.
However, keep in mind that dry food can lose its appeal in extremely cold or wet weather, as it can freeze or get soggy.
Wet Cat Food (Canned Food)
Wet cat food is a more luxurious option and provides additional hydration, which is beneficial for outdoor cats, especially during hot months when water sources may be limited.
- High Moisture Content: Outdoor cats may not always have access to clean water, so wet food helps them stay hydrated.
- Easier to Digest: Some outdoor cats, particularly older ones, may find wet food easier to eat and digest.
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Just remember, wet food can spoil quickly, so it’s best to feed it when you know the cats will eat it right away.
Homemade Food Options
If you prefer more control over what outdoor cats eat, you can prepare homemade cat food. Simple recipes can include:
- Cooked Chicken or Turkey: Lean meats like chicken or turkey are good sources of protein.
- Fish: Cats love fish, but it should be cooked (never raw) and served in moderation to avoid overloading them with minerals like mercury.
- Rice or Oats: Small amounts of grains can be added to their diet for energy, but these should only make up a small portion of their meals.
Avoid adding seasonings, oils, or other ingredients that might upset their stomachs.
Special Dietary Considerations
Some outdoor cats might have specific dietary needs, especially if they are older or have health conditions. In these cases, it’s important to consult with a vet to determine the best feeding options. Special cat food for senior cats, kittens, or those with specific health issues is available and might be necessary for certain outdoor cats.
How Often Should You Feed Outdoor Cats?
Feeding outdoor cats can vary depending on the cats themselves and your schedule, but there are some basic guidelines to follow.
Regular Feeding Times
Outdoor cats tend to do well with a consistent feeding schedule. Feeding them at the same time each day not only helps them know when to come for food, but it also allows you to monitor how much they’re eating and ensure they get enough nutrition.
- Once or Twice a Day: Many people feed outdoor cats once or twice daily, typically in the morning and evening.
- Adjust for Weather: Outdoor cats may need more food in colder months, as they burn extra energy to stay warm.
Portion Control
Since outdoor cats are often more active than indoor cats, they may require slightly larger portions. However, avoid overfeeding, as obesity can also be a concern for outdoor cats. Adjust portion sizes based on the cats’ activity level, body condition, and season.
Providing Clean Water
Alongside food, outdoor cats need access to clean, fresh water. This is especially important if you’re feeding them dry food, which lacks moisture. Here’s how you can ensure they stay hydrated:
- Place Water in a Safe Area: Just like their food, water bowls should be placed in a quiet, safe location away from predators or traffic.
- Keep Water Fresh: Check their water supply daily and refill it with fresh water to prevent contamination.
- Winter Considerations: In freezing temperatures, water can turn to ice quickly. Consider using a heated water dish to ensure they always have liquid water available.
Creating a Feeding Station for Outdoor Cats
Setting up a dedicated feeding station helps outdoor cats feel safe while they eat and protects their food from the elements. Here’s how to create one:
- Shelter from Weather: Use a covered area to keep food and water dry, especially during rain or snow.
- Out of Sight: Place the station in a discreet location where cats can eat peacefully, away from foot traffic or predators.
- Elevated: Consider raising the food station slightly off the ground to protect it from bugs, pests, or flooding.
What Foods to Avoid Feeding Outdoor Cats
Not all human foods are safe for cats, and certain items can make them very ill. Some foods to avoid include:
- Dairy Products: Contrary to popular belief, cats are often lactose intolerant, and milk or cheese can cause digestive issues.
- Onions and Garlic: These are toxic to cats and can lead to serious health problems.
- Chocolate: Like dogs, cats should never eat chocolate, as it can be deadly.
- Raw Fish or Meat: Raw food can carry bacteria or parasites that may harm cats.
If you’re ever unsure about what to feed an outdoor cat, it’s best to stick with commercial cat food designed specifically for their needs.
How to Transition Feral Cats to Feeding
If you’re feeding feral cats, gaining their trust can take time. Here’s how you can make the process easier:
- Start Slow: Begin by placing food at a distance and gradually move it closer over time as the cats grow more comfortable.
- Avoid Direct Interaction at First: Let the cats come to the food on their own without trying to approach or touch them, as this may scare them off.
- Build Trust: Over time, the cats will associate you with a reliable food source and may become more comfortable around you.
Spaying and Neutering Outdoor Cats
One of the most important things you can do for outdoor cats is to have them spayed or neutered. This helps control the outdoor cat population, preventing more feral or stray kittens from being born into difficult outdoor conditions. Many communities offer low-cost spay and neuter programs for outdoor cats, so check for local resources.
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Final Words
Feeding outdoor cats is a rewarding way to help stray or feral felines in your community. By providing them with nutritious food, fresh water, and a safe place to eat, you’re contributing to their health and well-being. Whether you opt for dry food, wet food, or homemade meals, the key is to ensure consistency and balance in their diet.
Always consider the specific needs of the cats you’re feeding, and don’t forget to offer them water, especially in extreme weather. With these tips in mind, you’ll be well on your way to providing the best possible care for the outdoor cats in your life.
